The following are selected sources on assessment practices. Because of the plethora of new books and articles on this topic, a comprehensive list would be outdated before it was published. Sources cited here include both general works on the topic and those specifically on mathematics. To assist the reader, the sources below have been organized into four categories: books and book chapters, reports, journal articles, and collections of assessment tasks.

Books and Book Chapters

Airasian, Peter W. Classroom Assessment. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1991.

American Association for the Advancement of Science, Project 2061. Benchmarks for Science Literacy. Washington, D.C.: American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1993.

Berlak, Harold, Fred M. Newmann, Elizabeth Adams, Douglas A. Archbald, Tyrrell Burgess, John Raven, and Thomas A. Romberg. Toward a New Science of Educational Testing and Assessment. Albany, N.Y.: State University of New York Press, 1992.

Brandt, Ronald S. Readings from Educational Leadership: Performance Assessment. Alexandria, Va.: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development, 1992.

Bright, George, A. Edward Uprichard, and Janice Jetton. Mathematics Program: A Guide to Evaluation. Newbury Park, Calif.: Corwin Press, 1993.

Charles, Randall I., and Edward A. Silver, eds. Research Agenda for Mathematics Education: The Teaching and Assessing of Mathematical Problem Solving. Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1988.

Fredericksen, Norman, Robert J. Mislevy, and Isaac I. Bejar, eds. Test Theory for a New Generation of Tests. Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1993.

Hart, Diane. Authentic Assessment: A Handbook for Educators. Menlo Park, Calif.: Addison-Wesley, 1994.

Kallik, Bera, and Ross Brewer, eds. Exemplars: A Teacher’s Solution. Underhill, Vt.: Exemplars, 1993.

Kamii, Constance, ed. Achievement Testing in the Early Grades. Washington, D.C.: National Association of Education for Young Children, 1990.

Kulm, Gerald. Assessing Higher Order Thinking in Mathematics. Washington, D.C.: American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1990.

––––– . Mathematics Assessment: What Works in the Classroom. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1994.

Leder, Gilah, ed. Assessment and Learning of Mathematics. Hawthorn, Victoria [Australia]: Australian Council for Educational Research, 1992.

Lesh, Richard, and Susan J. Lamon, eds. Assessment of Authentic Performance in School Mathematics. Washington, D.C.: American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1992.

Mathematical Sciences Education Board, National Research Council. Measuring What Counts: A Conceptual Guide for Mathematics Assessment. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 1993.

Messick, Samuel. "Validity." In Educational Measurement, edited by Robert L. Linn, 3rd ed., pp.13—103. New York: American Council on Education and Macmillan, 1989.

Mitchell, Ruth. Testing for Learning: How New Approaches to Evaluation Can Improve American Schools. New York: Free Press, 1992.

Niss, Mogens, ed. Cases of Assessment in Mathematics Education–an ICMI Study. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1993.

––––– . Investigations into Assessment in Mathematics Education–an ICMI Study. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1993.

Northwest Regional Educational Laboratory. Innovative Assessment: Science and Mathematics Bibliographies. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Education, 1993.

Office of Technology Assessment. Testing in American Schools: Asking the Right Questions. Washington, D.C.: Office of Technology Assessment, 1992.

Perrone, Vito, ed. Expanding Student Assessment. Alexandria, Va.: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development, 1991.

Popham, W. James. Classroom Assessment: What Teachers Need to Know. Boston: Allyn & Bacon, 1995.

Regional Educational Laboratory Network Program on Science and Mathematics Alternative Assessment. Improving Science and Mathematics Education: A Database and Catalog of Alternative Assessments. Portland, Oreg.: Northwest Regional Educational Laboratory, 1994.

Resnick, Lauren B., and Daniel P. Resnick. "Assessing the Thinking Curriculum: New Tools for Educational Reform." In Changing Assessments: Alternative Views of Aptitude, Achievement, and Instruction, edited by Bernard R. Gifford and Mary C. O’Connor, pp. 37—75. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1992.

Romberg, Thomas A., ed. Mathematics Assessment and Evaluation: Imperatives for Mathematics Educators. Albany, N.Y.: State University of New York Press, 1992.

––––– . Reform in School Mathematics and Authentic Assessment. Albany, N.Y.: State University of New York Press, 1995.

Silver, Edward, Jeremy Kilpatrick, and Beth Schlesinger. Thinking through Mathematics. New York: College Entrance Examination Board, 1990.

Snow, Richard E., and David F. Lohman. "Implications of Cognitive Psychology for Educational Measurement." In Educational Measurement, edited by Robert L. Linn, 3rd ed., pp. 263—331. New York: American Council on Education and Macmillan, 1989.

Stiggins, Richard J. Student-Centered Classroom Assessment. New York: Merrill Publishing Co., 1994.

Stiggins, Richard J., and Nancy F. Conklin. In Teachers’ Hands–Investigating the Practices of Classroom Assessment. Albany, N.Y.: State University of New York Press, 1992.

Webb, Norman L. "Assessment of Students’ Knowledge of Mathematics: Steps toward a Theory." In Handbook of Research on Mathematics and Learning, edited by Douglas A. Grouws, pp. 661—86. New York: Macmillan, 1992.

––––– , ed. Assessment in the Mathematics Classroom: 1993 Yearbook. Reston, Va.: National Council of Teachers of Mathematics, 1993.

Wiggins, Grant P. Assessing Student Performance: Exploring the Purpose and Limits of Testing. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1993.

Wittrock, Merlin C., and Eva L. Baker, eds. Testing and Cognition. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice Hall, 1991.

Reports

American Association of School Administrators. The Changing Face of Testing and Assessment: Problems and Solutions. Arlington, Va.: American Association of School Administrators, 1991.

Archbald, Douglas A., and Fred M. Newmann. Beyond Standardized Testing: Assessing Authentic Academic Achievement in the Secondary School. Reston, Va.: National Association of Secondary School Principals, 1988.

Baker, Eva L., Pamela R. Aschbacher, David Niemi, and Edynn Sato. CRESST Performance Assessment Models: Assessing Content Area Explanations. Los Angeles: National Center for Research on Evaluation, Standards, and Student Testing, 1992.

Baron, Joan B., ed. Assessment as an Opportunity to Learn. Hartford, Conn.: Connecticut State Department of Education, 1993.

Estrin, Elise T. Alternative Assessment: Issues in Language, Culture, and Equity. San Francisco: Far West Laboratory, 1993.

Grace, Cathy, and Elizabeth F. Shores. The Portfolio and Its Use: Developmentally Appropriate Assessment of Young Children. Little Rock, Ark.: Southern Association on Children Under Six, 1991.

Madaus, George F., Mary M. West, Maryellen Harmon, Richard G. Lomax, and Katherine A. Viator. The Influence of Testing on Teaching Math and Science in Grades 4—12. Chestnut Hill, Mass.: Center for the Study of Testing, Evaluation, and Educational Policy, 1992.

Mathematical Sciences Education Board, National Research Council. For Good Measure: Principles and Goals for Mathematics Assessment. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 1991.

McTighe, Jay, and Steven Ferrara. Assessing Learning in the Classroom. Washington, D.C.: National Education Association, 1994.

National Center on Educational Outcomes. Testing Accommodations for Students with Disabilities: A Review of the Literature. Washington, D.C.: National Center on Educational Outcomes, n.d.

National Council on Education Standards and Testing. Raising Standards for American Education. Washington, D.C.: National Council on Education Standards and Testing, 1992.

National Education Association. The Role of High-Stakes Testing in School Reform. Report to the National Education Goals Panel. Washington, D.C.: National Education Association, 1993.

National Education Goals Panel. Promises to Keep: Creating High Standards for American Students. Washington, D.C.: National Education Goals Panel, 1993.

Petit, Marge. Getting Started: Vermont Mathematics Portfolio–Learning How to Show Your Best! Cabot, Vt.: Cabot School, 1992.

Simmons, Walter, and Lauren Resnick. Assessment as the Catalyst of School Reform. Pittsburgh, Pa.: Learning Research and Development Center, 1993.

Vermont Department of Education. Looking beyond "The Answer." Montpelier, Vt.: Vermont Department of Education, 1991.

White, Sheida. Overview of NAEP Assessment Frameworks. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Education, 1994.

Winfield, Linda F., and Michael D. Woodard. Assessment, Equity, and Diversity in Reforming America’s Schools. CSE Technical Report 372. Los Angeles: National Center for Research on Evaluation, Standards, and Student Testing, 1994.

Journal Articles

American Federation of Teachers, National Council on Measurement in Education, National Education Association. "Standards for Teacher Competence in Educational Assessment of Students." Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice 9 (4) (1990): 30—32.

Arter, Judith A., and Vicki Spandel. "Using Portfolios of Student Work in Instruction and Assessment (an NCME Instructional Module)." Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice 11 (1) (1992): 36—44.

"Assessing Mathematics." Special issue of Educational Studies in Mathematics 27 (December 1994).

Baxter, Gail P., Richard J. Shavelson, Sally J. Herman, Katherine A. Brown, and James R. Valadez. "Mathematics Performance Assessment: Technical Quality and Diverse Student Impact." Journal for Research in Mathematics Education 24 (May 1993): 190—216.

Burger, Susan E., and Donald L. Burger. "Determining the Validity of Performance-Based Assessment." Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice 13 (1) (1994): 9—15.

Cain, Ralph W., and Patricia A. Kenney. "A Joint Vision for Classroom Assessment." Mathematics Teacher 85 (November 1992): 612—15.

Cobb, Paul. "Assessment of a Problem-Centered Second-Grade Mathematics Project." Journal for Research in Mathematics Education 22 (January 1991): 3—29.

Feuer, Michael J., and Kathleen Fulton. "Educational Testing Abroad and Lessons for the United States." Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice 13 (2) (1994): 31—39.

Gearhart, Maryl, and Joan L. Herman. "Portfolio Assessment: Whose Work Is It? (Issues in the Use of Classroom Assignments for Accountability)." Evaluation Comment (Winter 1995): 1—16.

Glaser, Robert. "Instructional Technology and the Measurement of Learning Outcomes: Some Questions." Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice 13 (4) (1994): 6—8.

––––– . "Criterion-Referenced Tests: Part I. Origins." Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice 13 (4) (1994): 9—11.

––––– . "Criterion-Referenced Tests: Part II. Unfinished Business." Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice 13 (4) (1994): 27—30.

Hambleton, Ronald K. "The Rise and Fall of Criterion-Referenced Measurement?" Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice 13 (4) (1994): 21—26.

Hambleton, Ronald K., and Edward Murphy. "A Psychometric Perspective on Authentic Measurement." Applied Measurement in Education 5 (1) (1992): 1—16.

Herman, Janice L. "What Research Tells Us about Good Assessment." Educational Leadership 49 (8) (1992): 74—78.

Hughes, Selma. "What Is Alternative/Authentic Assessment and How Does It Impact Special Education?" Educational Horizons 72 (7) (1993): 28—35.

Johnston, Peter H. "Constructive Evaluation and the Improvement of Teaching and Learning." Teachers College Record 90 (4) (1989): 509—28.

Kane, Michael. "Validating the Performance Standards Associated with Passing Scores." Review of Educational Research 62 (3) (1994): 425—61.

Knight, Pam. "How I Use Portfolios in Mathematics." Educational Leadership 49 (8) (1992): 71—72.

Koretz, Daniel, Brian Stecher, Stephen Klein, and Daniel McCaffrey. "The Vermont Portfolio Assessment Program: Findings and Implications." Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice 13 (3) (1994): 5—16.

Lajoie, Susanne P., and Alan M. Lesgold. "Dynamic Assessment of Proficiency for Solving Procedural Knowledge Tasks." Educational Psychologist 27 (3) (1992): 365—84.

Lester, Frank K., and Diana L. Kroll. "Evaluation: A New Vision." Mathematics Teacher 84 (April 1991): 276—83.

Linn, Robert. "Criterion-Referenced Measurement: A Valuable Perspective Clouded by Surplus Meaning." Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice 13 (4) (1994): 12—14.

Linn, Robert L., Eva L. Baker, and Stephen B. Dunbar. "Complex, Performance-Based Assessment: Expectations and Validation Criteria." Educational Researcher 2 (8) (1991): 15—21.

Linn, Robert L., and Elizabeth Burton. "Performance-Based Assessment: Implications of Task Specificity." Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice. 13 (7) (1994): 5—8.

Messick, Samuel. "The Interplay of Evidence and Consequences in the Validation of Performance Assessments." Educational Researcher 23 (2) (1994): 13—23.

Millman, Jason. "Criterion-Referenced Testing 30 Years Later: Promise Broken, Promise Kept." Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice 13 (4) (Winter 1994): 19—20.

Moss, Pamela A. "Can There Be Validity without Reliability?" Educational Researcher 23 (2) (1994): 5—12.

Moss, Pamela A., Jamie S. Beck, Catherine Ebbs, Barbara Matson, James Muchmore, Dorothy Steele, and Caroline Taylor. "Portfolios, Accountability, and an Interpretive Approach to Validity." Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice 11 (3) (1992): 12—21.

Pickering, James W., and Jeanne C. Bowers. "In the Field: Assessing Value-Added Outcomes Assessment." Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development 20 (1) (1990): 215—21.

Popham, James W. "The Instructional Consequences of Criterion-Referenced Clarity." Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice 13 (4) (Winter 1994): 15—18.

Quellmalz, Edys S. "Developing Criteria for Performance Assessments: The Missing Link." Applied Measurement in Education 4 (4) (1991): 319—31.

Rudner, Lawrence M., and Carol Boston. "Performance Assessment." ERIC Review 3 (1) (1993): 2—12.

Sammons, Kay B., Beth Kobett, Joan Heiss, and Francis Fennell. "Linking Instruction and Assessment in the Mathematics Classroom." Arithmetic Teacher 39 (February 1992): 11—16.

Schafer, William D. "Essential Assessment Skills in Professional Education of Teachers." Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice 10 (1) (1991): 3—6.

Shafroth, Chantal. "A Comparison of University Entrance Examinations in the United States and in Europe." Focus 13 (3) (1993): 1, 11—14.

Shavelson, Richard J., Gail P. Baxter, and Jerry Pine. "Performance Assessments: Political Rhetoric Measurement Reality." Educational Researcher 21 (4) (1992): 22—27.

Smith, Mary Lee, and Claire Rottenberg. "Unintended Consequences of External Testing in Elementary Schools." Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice 10 (4) (1991): 7—11.

Spangler, Denise A. "Assessing Students’ Beliefs about Mathematics." Arithmetic Teacher (November 1992): 148—52.

Stake, Robert E. "The Teacher, Standardized Testing, and Prospects of Revolution." Phi Delta Kappan 73 (3) (1991): 243—47.

Stiggins, Richard J. "Facing the Challenges of a New Era of Educational Assessment." Applied Measurement in Education 4 (4) (1991): 263—371.

––––– . "Relevant Classroom Assessment Training for Teachers." Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice 10 (1) (1991): 7—12.

Stiggins, Richard J., David A. Frisbie, and Philip A. Griswold. "Inside High School Grading Practices: Building a Research Agenda." Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice 8 (2) (1989): 5—14.

Szetela, Walter, and Cynthia Nicol. "Evaluating Problem Solving in Mathematics." Educational Leadership 49 (8) (1992): 42—45.

Taylor, Catherine. "Assessment for Measurement or Standards: The Peril and Promise of Large-Scale Assessment Reform." American Educational Research Journal 31 (2) (1994): 231—62.

Thompson, Alba G., and Diane J. Briars. "Implementing the Standards: Assessing Students’ Learning to Inform Teaching: The Message in NCTM’s Evaluation Standards." Arithmetic Teacher 37 (December 1989): 22—26.

Collections of Assessment Tasks

Binns, Barbara, Hugh Burkhardt, John Gillespie, Steve Maddern, and Malcolm Swan. Balanced Assessment in Mathematics: An Illustrated Introduction. Nottingham, England: Shell Centre for Mathematical Education, 1987.

Burns, Marilyn. Writing in the Math Class, Grades 3 through 8. Sausalito, Calif.: Marilyn Burns Education Associates, forthcoming.

Clark, Clare, and Betsy Carter. Math in Stride: Student Activities for Performance Assessment, Grades 3, 4, 5, and 6. Menlo Park, Calif.: Addison-Wesley, 1994.

Clarke, David. Assessment Alternatives in Mathematics. Carlton, Victoria [Australia]: Curriculum Corporation, 1989.

Educational Testing Service. Performance Assessment Sampler: A Workbook. Princeton, N.J.: Educational Testing Service, 1993.

Mathematical Sciences Education Board, National Research Council. Measuring Up: Prototypes for Mathematics Assessment. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 1993.

Mathematics Centre. Practical Suggestions for Developing and Assessing Mathematics Coursework–Part One and Part Two. W. Berks, England: Foulsham & Co., 1989.

Mumme, Judy. Portfolio Assessment in Mathematics. Santa Barbara, Calif.: California Mathematics Project, 1991.

National Center for Restructuring Education, Schools, and Teaching. Authentic Assessment in Practice: A Collection of Portfolios, Performance Tasks, Exhibitions, and Documentation. New York: National Center for Restructuring Education, Schools, and Teaching, 1993.

Northwest Regional Educational Laboratory. Assessing Mathematical Power. Videotape and trainer’s guide. Portland, Oreg.: Northwest Regional Educational Laboratory, 1992.

Pandey, Tej. A Sampler of Mathematics Assessment. California Assessment Program. Sacramento, Calif.: California Department of Education, 1991.

Stenmark, Jean K. Assessment Alternatives in Mathematics: An Overview of Assessment Techniques That Promote Learning. Berkeley, Calif.: equals, University of California, 1989.

––––– , ed. Mathematics Assessment: Myths, Models, Good Questions, and Practical Suggestions. Reston, Va.: National Council of Teachers of Mathematics, 1991.

Sutton, John T., Robert J. Marzano, John S. Kendall, and Stephen J. Bloom. Mathematical Tasks and the NCTM "Curriculum and Evaluation Standards." Aurora, Colo.: Mid-Continent Regional Educational Laboratory, 1992.

Vaille, John, and Harold Kushins. Creative Math Assessment. Watertown, Mass.: Tom Snyder Productions, 1993.

Westley, Joan. Puddle Questions: Assessing Mathematical Thinking (Grades 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6). Palo Alto, Calif.: Creative Publications, 1994.

Wu, Ling-Erl Eileen T., ed. Japanese University Entrance Examination Problems in Mathematics. Washington, D.C.: Mathematical Association of America, 1993.